GeomRDF: A Geodata Converter with a Fine-Grained Structured Representation of Geometry in the Web

In recent years, with the advent of the web of data, a growing number of national mapping agencies tend to publish their geospatial data as Linked Data. However, differences between traditional GIS data models and Linked Data model can make the publication process more complicated. Besides, it may require, to be done, the setting of several parameters and some expertise in the semantic web technologies. In addition, the use of standards like GeoSPARQL (or ad hoc predicates) is mandatory to perform spatial queries on published geospatial data. In this paper, we present GeomRDF, a tool that helps users to convert spatial data from traditional GIS formats to RDF model easily. It generates geometries represented as GeoSPARQL WKT literal but also as structured geometries that can be exploited by using only the RDF query language, SPARQL. GeomRDF was implemented as a module in the RDF publication platform Datalift. A validation of GeomRDF has been realized against the French administrative units dataset (provided by IGN France).Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures, the 1st International Workshop on Geospatial Linked Data (GeoLD 2014) - SEMANTiCS 201

Historical collaborative geocoding

The latest developments in digital have provided large data sets that can increasingly easily be accessed and used. These data sets often contain indirect localisation information, such as historical addresses. Historical geocoding is the process of transforming the indirect localisation information to direct localisation that can be placed on a map, which enables spatial analysis and cross-referencing. Many efficient geocoders exist for current addresses, but they do not deal with the temporal aspect and are based on a strict hierarchy (..., city, street, house number) that is hard or impossible to use with historical data. Indeed historical data are full of uncertainties (temporal aspect, semantic aspect, spatial precision, confidence in historical source, ...) that can not be resolved, as there is no way to go back in time to check. We propose an open source, open data, extensible solution for geocoding that is based on the building of gazetteers composed of geohistorical objects extracted from historical topographical maps. Once the gazetteers are available, geocoding an historical address is a matter of finding the geohistorical object in the gazetteers that is the best match to the historical address. The matching criteriae are customisable and include several dimensions (fuzzy semantic, fuzzy temporal, scale, spatial precision ...). As the goal is to facilitate historical work, we also propose web-based user interfaces that help geocode (one address or batch mode) and display over current or historical topographical maps, so that they can be checked and collaboratively edited. The system is tested on Paris city for the 19-20th centuries, shows high returns rate and is fast enough to be used interactively.Comment: WORKING PAPE

An Adaptive Approach for Interlinking Georeferenced Data

International audienceThe resources published on the Web of data are often described by spatial references such as coordinates. The common data linking approaches are mainly based on the hypothesis that spatially close resources are more likely to represent the same thing. However, this assumption is valid only when the spatial references that are compared have been produced with the same positional accuracy, and when they actually represent the same spatial characteristic of the resources captured in an unambiguous way. Otherwise, spatial distance-based matching algorithms may produce erroneous links. In this article, we first suggest to formalize and acquire the knowledge about the spatial references, namely their positional accuracy, their geometric modeling, their level of detail, and the vagueness of the spatial entities they represent. We then propose an interlinking approach that dynamically adapts the way spatial references are compared, based on this knowledge

Publishing Reference Geodata on the Web : Opportunities and Challenges for IGN France

International audienceThe French national mapping agency (IGN) produces several different but complementary geographic vector reference databases delivered in traditional GIS formats. However, linked data users have different expectations and habits, such as the need to browse an entire data catalogue in RDF using the "follow-your-nose" navigation capacity from one graph to another. Besides, traditional GIS data formats are not interoperable with RDF. Yet, all these geographic datasets could be used with benefits on the Web of data, either with direct georeferencing through geographic primitives, or indirect one through postal addresses. In this paper, we aim to contribute to the georeferencing of datasets published on the Web of data by providing such resources for French context. Firstly, we propose two vocabularies designed for representing structured geometries defined with coordinates expressed in any Coordinates Reference System (CRS). Secondly, we reuse these vocabularies and the CRSs' dataset to publish a reference dataset on administrative units that can also be reused for indirect georeferencing purposes. Finally , we also propose two vocabularies for describing geographic feature types. In addition to these resources, we also present a comprehensive workflow for easily publishing geographic data on the Web of data

GéOnto : Enrichissement d'une taxonomie de concepts topographiques

National audienceIn this paper we present the GéOnto project, aiming in particular to build an ontology of topographic concepts. This ontology is made by enrichment of a first taxonomy developed beforehand, through the analysis of two types of textual documents: technical database specifications and description of journeys. This work relies on natural language processing and ontology alignment techniques, as well as external knowledge resources such as dictionaries and gazetteers

Analyses linguistiques et techniques d'alignement pour créer et enrichir une ontologie topographique

National audienceOne of the goals of the GéOnto project is to build an ontology of topographic concepts. This ontology results from the enrichment of a first taxonomy developed beforehand, through the analysis of two types of textual documents: technical database specifications and description of journeys. This work relies on natural language processing and ontology alignment techniques, as well as external knowledge resources such as dictionaries and gazetteers.Dans cet article, nous présentons le projet GéOnto dont un des buts est de construire une ontologie de concepts topographiques. Cette ontologie est réalisée par enrichissement d'une première taxonomie de termes réalisée précédemment, et ce grâce à l'analyse de deux types de documents textuels : des spécifications techniques de bases de données et des récits de voyage. Cet enrichissement s'appuie sur des techniques automatiques de traitement du langage et d'alignement d'ontologies, ainsi que sur des connaissances externes comme des dictionnaires et des bases de toponymes

Modification of the mycobacteriophage Ms6 attP core allows the integration of multiple vectors into different tRNA(ala )T-loops in slow- and fast-growing mycobacteria

BACKGROUND: Mycobacteriophage Ms6 integrates into Mycobacterium smegmatis and M. bovis BCG chromosome at the 3' end of tRNA(ala )genes. Homologous recombination occurs between the phage attP core and the attB site located in the T-loop. Integration-proficient vectors derived from Ms6 are useful genetic tools, but their insertion sites in the BCG chromosome remain poorly defined. The primary objective of this study was to identify Ms6 target genes in M. smegmatis and BCG. We then aimed to modify the attP site in Ms6-derived vectors, to switch integration to other tRNA(ala )loci. This provided the basis for the development of recombinant M. bovis BCG strains expressing several reporter genes inserted into different tRNA(ala )genes. RESULTS: The three tRNA(ala )genes are highly conserved in M. smegmatis and BCG. However, in the T-loop of tRNA(alaU )and tRNA(alaV )containing the attB site, a single base difference was observed between the two species. We observed that the tRNA(alaU )gene was the only site into which Ms6-derived integration-proficient vectors integrated in M. smegmatis, whereas in BCG, the tRNA(alaV )gene was used as the target. No integration occurred in the BCG tRNA(alaU )T-loop, despite a difference of only one base from the 26-base Ms6 attP core. We mutated the attP core to give a perfect match with the other tRNA(ala )T-loops from M. smegmatis and BCG. Modification of the seven-base T-loop decreased integration efficiency, identifying this site as a possible site of strand exchange. Finally, two Ms6 vectors were constructed to integrate two reporter genes into the tRNA(alaU )and tRNA(alaV )T-loops of the same BCG chromosome. CONCLUSION: Small changes in the 7 bp T-loop attP site of Ms6 made it possible to use another attB site, albeit with a lower integration efficiency. These molecular studies on BCG tRNA(ala )genes made it possible to create valuable tools for the site-directed insertion of several genes in the same BCG strain. These tools will be useful for the development of novel multivalent vaccines and genetic studies

ATONTE: towards a new methodology for seed ontology development from texts and experts

Publication déjà téléversée dans HAL sous la référéence hal-03954342ATONTE (ATlantis methodology for ONtology development from Texts and Experts) is a methodology for the manual development of low-level seed ontologies. The modelling process is based on a combination of knowledge from non-fiction text corpora such as manuals, information guides or sets of instructions, and the knowledge of domain experts. This article presents the five key steps of the ATONTE process. Seed ontologies created with ATONTE can be used to develop and populate knowledge graphs for use in specific applications within given technical domains

ATLANTIS : Une ontologie pour représenter les Instructions nautiques

La publication a déjà été téléversée dans HAL sous la référence https://hal.science/hal-03695242v2Les Instructions nautiques sont une série d’ouvrages produits et publiés par le Service hydrographique et océanographique de la Marine (Shom) qui donnent aux navigateurs les informations nécessaires pour naviguer près des côtes et accéder aux ports. Dans cet article, nous présentons l’ontologie ATLANTIS (coAsTaL mAritime NavigaTion InstructionS) que nous avons développée pour modéliser les connaissances contenues dans ces ouvrages, ainsi qu’un retour d’expérience et des adaptations que nous avons apportées à la Simplified Agile Methodology for Ontology Development (SAMOD), la méthodologie de développement d’ontologies que nous avons employée

Caspase-10-Dependent Cell Death in Fas/CD95 Signalling Is Not Abrogated by Caspase Inhibitor zVAD-fmk

Upon CD95/Fas ligation, the initiator caspase-8 is known to activate effector caspases leading to apoptosis. In the presence of zVAD-fmk, a broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor, Fas engagement can also trigger an alternative, non-apoptotic caspase-independent form of cell death, which is initiated by RIP1. Controversy exists as to the ability of caspase-10 to mediate cell death in response to FasL (CD95L or CD178). Herein, the role of caspase-10 in FasL-induced cell death has been re-evaluated